Friday 7th July 2017 Essay – Human and Regional Geography – 10am – 12pm =================== *GEOGRAPHY SOLUTIONS*

2b)
- Physical Supply Of Products
Transportation carries necessary raw materials to factory for production of
goods and supplies finished goods to consumers. It creates place and time
utility of goods by transporting from one place to another. It easily
carries finished to the hands of those who need and use them. This
significantly increases aggregate sales of goods. In fact, transport is
such a key of marketing, which helps in carrying goods to the scattered
consumers in different places, narrows the gap between producers and
consumers and facilitates to distribute goods to the consumers at minimum
cost and time.
- Specialization
Transportation facility encourages division of labor and specialization on
geographical or regional basis. Transportation cost highly affects
localization of industries. Production of goods may center at such place
where the environment is the best and production cost is minimum. This
makes maximum utilization of local resources possible, which is both
economically and socially necessary.
- Mobility Of Labor And Capital
Transportation facility provides mobility to labor and capital. If more
labor force is available at any place, transport helps to carry it
economically to necessary place. The means of transport carry labors from
one place to another. This encourages labor and capital to use and invest
in more productive sectors.
- Stabilization In Price
Transportation helps to bring stability in price of different products. It
transports goods from more supplied places to scarcely supplied areas. This
establishes coordination between demand and supply, and brings stability in
prices. It helps to supply necessary goods regularly to the consumers.
Besides this,
consumers get necessary goods at lower prices, because it encourages
competition among producers and makes mass production at lower cost
possible.
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3a)-Raw Materials:
Firms using raw materials that are costly to transport will definitely be
attracted to the source of the raw material. Some firms operate in a
“weight” reducing technique, where a given quantity of raw materials is
processed down into a small quantity of finished products. It’s cheaper to
transport the lighter finished goods to the market, than it is to transport
the bulky raw materials to the industry e.g. The Kenya Orchards Ltd has got
its main food processing plant at Machakos because the vegetables, which
are the raw materials, are grown near Machakos.
- Markets:
Some firms find it economically viable to locate themselves as close as
possible to their markets. This applies to firms which use a given quality
of raw materials. They use these given raw materials to add weight to the
products during the manufacturing process so that the finished products are
heavier. These industries are known as the “weight” increasing industries;
e.g., the brewing industries.
- . Fuel and Power:
Fuel and power do not play a vital role in East Africa as it does in the
established industrial centers of Europe and North America, which
substitute electricity with coal. Most firms in East Africa use electricity
as their main source of power and this can be transported over long
distances and at low costs. However, major electricity generating plants
may attract a conglomeration of firms especially those which use large
quantities of electricity. This can be well illustrated by the
concentration of many industries near Owen Falls at Jinja, Uganda. Owen
Falls is Uganda’s electricity generating plant.
- 4. Labor:
Due to high levels of unemployment in Nigeria, unskilled labor is usually
available throughout the region. Therefore, firms requiring skilled and
semi-skilled labor will have to locate themselves in the already
established industrial centers in major towns or be prepared to undertake
intensive training programmes.
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5a.
5b)Tin Mining Process:
Tin is extracted by roasting the mineral casseterite with carbon in a
furnace to approximately 2500 degrees Fahrenheit. The next step involves
leaching with acid or water solutions to remove impurities. Electrostatic
or magnetic separation helps to remove any heavy metal impurities.
5c-Industrial development
-Increase in employment
- Agricultural development
- Source of energy
- Development of self dependency
- Industrial development :
If the mineral resources can be extracted and utilized , mineral based
industries can be established and expanded . Petrol , diesel , iron , coal,
etc. are minerals for industries . This accelerates the industrial
development.
- Increase in employment:
The existence of mineral resource provides employment opportunity to the
people. Mineral resources help to establish the new industries where
skilled and unskilled people can get employment opportunity.
- Agricultural development :
Some mineral resources are used to make modern agricultural tools machines
and fertilizers , etc. They can be used for the modernization and
commercialization of agriculture , which help to develop the agriculture .
- Source of energy:
There are various sources of energy like petrol , diesel , natural gas,
etc. in Nepal. If these minerals can be extracted, they can provide the
necessary energy for industrial sectors and house hold use.
- Development of self dependency :
If we develop mineral resource based industries , we can create more jobs
with quality products . We will be independent when industrialization
occurs with the uses of mineral resources.
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(6b) Agriculture - Most of the people living in the area engage in the
domestication of animals and cultivation of land - due to the presence of
fertile soil.
- Mining : The region is also characterised with mining of solid minerals
like limestones.
- Human Habitation : it is suitable for human habitation. It favours the
construction of good transport network.
- craft type industries - The people engaged in the production of mats,
ceramics etc.
(6c)
- water shortage
- unpredictable weather
- desert encroacment
- Rural - urban migration